Modern industrial control systems increasingly span multiple layers, from web-based user interfaces to deeply embedded hardware I/O interacting with physical processes. While web technologies provide powerful tools for visualization and remote interaction, they also introduce latency, nondeterminism, and new failure modes that directly impact system safety and reliability.

This talk examines the end-to-end design structure of embedded industrial control systems, tracing how operator intent flows from a web UI through networking, application logic, and real-time firmware to the final hardware actuation. Research-based solutions will be presented in the presentation.

Rather than focusing on specific frameworks or tools, this talk provides transferable design principles that apply across microcontrollers, PLCs, and industrial edge devices. The goal is to equip engineers with a clear mental model for building web-connected embedded control systems that remain predictable, debuggable, and safe in real-world industrial environments. To illustrate the high-level data flow of an embedded industrial control system, the Arduino Uno Q will be the physical demonstrator of this talk.